Bilang bahagi ng pagtatasa upang malaman kung ipapasa ang isang ALS completer, maliban sa kanyang Presentation Portfolio, siya ay isasabak din sa English Proficiency Test kung saan tatasahin ang kanyang kakayahang bumasa at sumulat (reading and writing) sa wikang Ingles.
Ang nasa ibaba ay ilan lamang sa mga sanaysay o essays na maaaring gamitin sa Reading and Writing sa panahon ng Revalida para sa Batch 2020-2021 para sa Elementary o Junior High School Level:
Adapting to Survive
(Image from https://www.centennialparklands.com.au)
Living things adapt to their environment so they can survive. An organism adapts when it develops a behavior that makes it more likely to survive. It can also adapt by forming a physical characteristic or body part that helps it survive.
In a forest biome, some trees grow taller than the other plants around them. This lets them reach the sunlight. Growing taller is an adaptation that helps trees survive. Shorter plants have adapted with their behavior. They have learned to live in the shade with less sunlight.
Animals in the forest have a wide variety of adaptations. Monkeys have long tails. They can use them almost like another hand. This helps them swing quickly through the tops of trees. They can even do this while holding their babies or gathering food. Giraffes need to reach leaves at the tops of tall trees. Having a long neck is an adaptation that allows them to do this.
Some animals’ adaptations prevent other animals from wanting to eat them. A skunk’s horrible smell makes larger animals choose something else to eat. Even plants sometimes protect themselves in this way. Roses and acacia trees both have dangerous thorns. The thorns prevent animals from eating their leaves.
Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Don’t forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to find or confirm your answers. The sample answers are guides only. The answer should be a complete sentence.
1) What are the two main ways that an organism adapts?
by changing its behavior or its physical characteristics
2) What is one animal adaptation you read about in the passage?
a monkey’s tail or a giraffe’s neck or a skunk’s smell
3) Is the animal adaptation you chose a physical or behavioral adaptation?
trees grow tall or short plants learn to live with less sunlight or roses and acacia trees grow thorns
4) What is one plant adaptation you read about in the passage?
trees - physical; short plants - behavioral; roses and acacia trees - physical
5) Is the plant adaptation you chose a physical or behavioral adaptation?
answer depends on student’s choice
Competing for
Resources
The resources of any one environment are limited. Depending
on which plants and animals share the environment, there may not be enough of
everything to go around. All organisms need water, food, and shelter to stay alive.
These resources are beneficial, which means they are good for the organisms. When an environment is low on any
of these things, organisms must compete for them. Those who get to the
resources first have the best chance of survival. Being without water, food, or
shelter for very long is detrimental, which means it is harmful to organisms.
The resources in an area determine how big the plant and
animal populations can be. Sometimes there are too many living things in an area.
The weakest of the populations will not be able to get the resources they need.
As the weak die out, the populations get smaller. Finally, the area’s resources
recover and can support them again. Sometimes people will capture members of
large animal populations and move them. They take them to another location with
less competition. This helps them the animals survive.
Sometimes the government will allow the hunting of large animal
populations. Deer and rabbits can be good food sources for people. When there
are too many of these animals in an area, they sometimes come into the cities
looking for food. They often cause trouble. Hunting keeps the number of animals
under control.
Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Don’t forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to find or confirm your answers. The sample answers are guides only. The answer should be a complete sentence.
1) Why do organisms sometimes have to compete for resources?
because an environment may not have enough resources
2) What kinds of things are beneficial for organisms?
food, water, and shelter
3) What kinds of things are detrimental for organisms?
being without food, water and shelter
4) What happens when populations grow too large for an area?
The weaker ones can’t compete for resources and die out
5) Do you think hunting or relocation is a better solution for over-sized animal populations? Why?
Answer depends on student’s choice
Ecosystems
An ecosystem is all the things that interact in a specific
area, whether they are living or non-living. Some examples of non-living things
that support life in an ecosystem are light, air, soil, and water. Living things
are the plants and animals, called organisms, that use those resources.
Each of the specific ecosystems in the world has its own
conditions created by non-living things. These conditions determine what
kinds of living things will be able to thrive there. Organisms can only thrive
where their needs are being met. Everything in an organism’s environment has an
effect on it. One ecosystem that allows many different kinds of organisms to
thrive is a temperate zone. It is an area where the conditions never become too
hot or too cold.
All the living things in an ecosystem are called a
community. All of one specific kind of organism living in a community is called
a population. All the tree frogs in a rainforest community are one population
within the community. All the white birch trees are another population within
the same community. All the jaguars are yet another rainforest community
population.
All living organisms perform certain life processes. They
take in nutrients like air, sunlight, water, and food. They use energy from
those nutrients to grow and develop. They release energy by doing work and
moving. They release waste products. They react to things in their environment.
They reproduce, producing offspring, or babies, that are similar to themselves.
Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Don’t forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to find or confirm your answers. The sample answers are guides only. The answer should be a complete sentence.
1) What is one example of a non-living thing in an
ecosystem?
light, air, water, or soil
2) What are some of
the life processes that living organisms do?
take in nutrients, use energy to grow, release energy,
release waste, react to their environment or reproduce
3) What does population mean in a community?
one specific type of organism living in a community
4) When does an organism thrive?
when its needs are met
5) Why does a temperate zone support many varieties of
organisms
because the conditions are not too hot and not too cold
Food Is Our Fuel
Everything that is alive needs energy. All animals get the
energy they need from food. People are
animals. You can think about the human body as an amazing machine. It can do
all kinds of wonderful things for us. Food is the fuel that helps keep the
amazing machine running.
Plants use sunlight to make their own food. Animals are not
able to do that. Some animals eat plants. Some animals eat other animals as
meat. Some animals, like people, eat both plants and animals.
Since plants make their own food using sunlight, the sun’s
energy is found in plants. The sun’s
energy is very strong. It loses a lot of its strength by the time it goes into
a plant.
When we eat plants, we get more of the sun’s energy than
when we eat animals. That’s why it is good to eat fruits and vegetables. When an
animal eats a plant, the energy is less strong. The animal also used its energy
to find the plant to eat. When a second animal eats the first animal, it gets
even less energy than the first animal got. The second animal used a lot of
energy to find and chase its prey.
Like a car that has to be filled with gasoline, living
things have to eat again and again. Instead of gasoline, living things use food
as fuel.
1) Where do all animals get
their energy?
from food
2) Where do plants get their
energy?
from sunlight
3) If our bodies are amazing
machines, then food is our ______.
fuel
4) Why do we get more energy
from eating vegetables than we get from eating meat?
because the sun’s energy is less
strong in meat
5) If a third animal eats the
second animal, will it get more or less
energy?
less energy
Have You Got The Time
People today are always thinking
about the time. There never seems to be enough time to do all the things we
want to do. Believe it or not, there was a time before time was so important.
It was enough to know that the sun was out. That meant it was daytime. During
these days when the clock seems to control us, doesn’t that sound kind of nice?
Time can mean a lot of different
things. That’s one way we know how important it is for us. We have so many
words about it! The smallest amount of time we can measure is called a second.
When you put 60 seconds together, you get one minute. If you take 60 minutes,
you get one hour. The hands of the clock go all the way around twice in 24
hours, giving us one day.
If you want to look at time
beyond one day, you leave the clock and look at a calendar instead. There are
about 30 days in one month. Some months have an extra day; February has a
couple less. There are 12 months in one year. Time never stops.
Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Don’t forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to find or confirm your answers. The sample answers are guides only. The answer should be a complete sentence.
1) What are people always thinking
about these days?
time
2) We have lots of different
words about time. What does that show?
that it is important
3) How many hours are in one
day?
24
4) How many seconds are in one
minute?
60
5) How many months are in one
year?
12
Magnetic Attraction
An object that attracts metals,
especially iron, is called a magnet. The area near the magnet where it has
enough power to attract things is called its magnetic field. The farther away
from the magnet an item is, the weaker the magnetic fi eld is. When it is weak,
it is less likely an object will become attracted to the magnet.
Magnets can be either permanent
or temporary. A permanent magnet stays magnetized for a long time. A temporary
magnet loses its magnetism after only a short time. You can even turn something
made out of iron into a temporary magnet by rubbing it against a permanent
magnet. The more you rub, the stronger your temporary magnet gets. However, the
effects will wear off over time.
The two ends of the magnets are
called magnetic poles. The poles are found at the ends of bar magnets and the
tips of the horseshoe magnets. They are the strongest parts of the magnet. Each
magnet has a north pole and a south pole. Opposite poles attract, or pull toward each other. Poles that are the same
repel, or push away from each other. A north pole and a south pole will pull
toward each other. Two north poles will push away from each other. The same
happens with two south poles. When you hold magnets, you can actually feel the
push and pull effects of magnetism.
A special kind of temporary
magnet uses electricity to create a magnetic field. It is called an
electromagnet. An electromagnet can be an extremely strong magnet. However, it
only acts like a magnet when it has electricity. A stronger electrical current
will produce a stronger magnet. Unlike other magnets, an electromagnet can be
controlled by a switch. When the switch turns the electrical current off the
electromagnet loses its magnetism. Whatever the electromagnet was holding drops
to the ground. We use this technology to operate large cranes that lift heavy
metal objects, such as cars. Electromagnets are also used to make motors run in
small appliances. Combining regular magnets and electromagnets makes it
possible for electrical energy to be turned into energy of motion.
Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Don’t forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to find or confirm your answers. The sample answers are guides only. The answer should be a complete sentence.
1) Explain the difference
between a temporary magnet and a permanent magnet
A permanent magnet stays
magnetized for a long time. A temporary magnet loses its magnetism in a short
time
2) Would two north poles attract
each other or push away from each other?
Push away
3) What is different about an
electromagnet?
It uses an electrical current and
can be turned off and on.
4) What do we use electromagnets
for?
lifting heavy objects like cars
5) What does attract mean when
speaking about magnets? _
pull toward each other
Plant Life Cycle
(Image from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyT153p2uag by MNSB inward)
Every living thing goes through
changes. Living things grow through different stages. Then they reach the end
of their life cycles and die. There are many kinds of plants. Each kind has its
own life cycle.
Many plants start their life
cycles as a seed. The seed needs certain things or it will not grow into a
plant. Sometimes seeds wait in the ground until they can get the things they
need. They wait for warmth from the sun. They wait for water. When they have
what they need, they start to grow. A tiny little sprout will push out of each
seed. The sprouts stretch up until they poke through the dirt and into the air.
The plants continue to grow when
they get sunshine and water. The stems grow taller and leaves unfold. More
leaves and stems grow on the main stems. The adult plants grow flowers. The
flowers of many plants make fruit. The fruit has seeds inside it so more new
plants can grow.
New plants look like their
parent plants. Seeds from a parent plant will grow into the same kind of plant
as the parent. When a seed begins to grow, it is the beginning of another plant
life cycle.
1) What is the process of
living, growing, changing, and dying called?
life cycle
2) How do many plants begin?
As seeds
3) What two things does a seed
need to have with it in the ground to be able to grow?
Sunshine and water
4) Where can you usually find
seeds in an adult plant?
In the fruit
5) What kind of plant will a
seed grow into?
the same kind as the parent plant
The Philippine Eagle
The Philippine Eagle has replaced the maya as our national bird. It is one of the three ln strongest eagles in the world. But it is in danger of extinction. Hunting and deforestation have number of Philippine Eagles to dwindle. Scientists have tried to increase their number by breedi captivity. The first eagle to be bred in captivity is Pag-asa. At 25 years old, Pag-asa is not yet released to the wild as she has developed dependency on her human keeper.
Answer the following questions based on the reading passage.
1. The Philippine Eagle is in danger of extinction. It means this type of eagle will eventually _______.
B. increase
C. migrate
D. starve
2. When birds are bred in captivity, they are _______.
B. cared for in a safe environment
C. caught and sold as pets
D. given a diet of bread
3. What is responsible for the decrease in the number of Philippine Eagles?
B. their transfer to warmer places
C. the activities of humans
D. lack of available food
4. Pag-asa is the name of the first eagle which ________.
B. was born in captivity.
C. was kept in the wild
D. was given as a gift.
5. What is the problem posed in the selection? The Philippine Eagles _______.
B. are dying because of a disease
C. migrate to other countries
D. are not growing fast
6.The purpose for writing the selection is to _________.
B. make the reader proud of the Philippine eagle.
C. warn the hunters not to harm the Philippine eagle.
D. raise an alarm about the possible disappearance of the Philippine Eagle.
7. A good title for this selection is _________.
B. See the Rare Philippine Eagle
C. Breeding the Philippine Eagle
D. The Effects of Deforestation
Good Luck to your REVALIDA!
